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| established_title = | established_date = | government_type = | government_footnotes = | leader_title = | leader_name = | unit_pref = | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = | area_total_sq_mi = | area_land_km2 = | area_land_sq_mi = | area_water_km2 = | area_water_sq_mi = | area_water_percent = | area_urban_km2 = | area_blank1_title = | area_blank2_title = | area_blank2_sq_mi = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | elevation_ft = 660-3001 | population_footnotes = | population_total = | population_as_of = 2012/2010 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_urban = 602,964 | population_density_urban_km2 = | population_density_urban_sq_mi = | population_blank1_title = MSA | population_blank1 = 565,773 | population_blank2_title = CSA | population_blank2 = 715,039 | population_note = MSA/CSA = 2012, Urban = 2010 | timezone = EST | utc_offset = -5 | timezone_DST = EDT | utc_offset_DST = -4 | postal_code_type = ZIP codes | postal_code = 16''xxx'' to 44''xx'' | area_code = 330, 234, 724 | website = | footnotes = }} The Youngstown metropolitan area, typically known as the Steel Valley as well as Mahoning Valley, is a metropolitan area in Northeast Ohio in the United States, with the city of Youngstown, Ohio at its center. According to the US Census Bureau, the metropolitan statistical area (MSA) includes Mahoning and Trumbull counties in Ohio and Mercer county in Pennsylvania. As of the 2010 census, the MSA had a population of 565,773. This area also has a strong commuter interchange with Cleveland and Pittsburgh and their metropolitan areas. It is located at the geographic center of the Rust Belt of the United States which stretches from Minneapolis in the west to Johnstown and Altoona in the east. == Steel industry history == Although steel has been produced in the Mahoning Valley since the mid-1800s, after the Civil War, the valley was primarily known for its iron production. Conversion to steel manufacturing began during the economic depression of the 1890s.〔(【引用サイトリンク】work=(Local Legacies: Celebrating Community Roots – Library of Congress) )〕 The Mahoning Valley is suitable for steel manufacture because of "its proximity to the Lake Erie ports that receive iron ore … the coal fields of Ohio, Pennsylvania and West Virginia; and to limestone deposits."〔(【引用サイトリンク】work=Ohio Turnpike and Infrastructure Commission )〕 The "25-mile stretch of steel mills and related industries" along the Mahoning River is similar to the Ruhr Valley in Germany."〔 Historically, it was the largest steel producing region in the world (including all of Northeast Ohio and Western Pennsylvania). The local steel industry declined during the 1970s steel crisis. A notable plant closure occurred on September 19, 1977, when Youngstown Sheet and Tube abruptly closed its Campbell Works and furloughed 5,000 workers. Today the area produces little steel, and is home to many scrap metal yards and aluminum plants. A 2009 documentary titled "Steel Valley: Meltdown" describes "the past, present and future of the Mahoning Valley" through the eyes of local experts, including one local organizer who stated, "We are the first generation completely removed from the days when steel mills were active." The Mahoning Valley Economic Development Corporation, founded in 1979, is active in economic revitalization and diversification. It owns two industrial parks, and has purchased local rail lines, including the Youngstown and Austintown Railroad and the Warren and Trumbull Railroad.〔(【引用サイトリンク】accessdate=2014-03-03 )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Youngstown–Warren–Boardman metropolitan statistical area」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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